Maintaining Brickwork – When to Consider Acid Washing

Brickwork Explained

Brick has been used in construction for centuries due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. However, over time brick can become damaged if not properly maintained. Let’s start with understanding the unique characteristics of brick to better appreciate why maintenance is important.

Brick is made by shaping clay and firing it at extremely high temperatures, resulting in a hardened ceramic material. This process gives brick several qualities that make it suitable for structures. It is strong yet lightweight, resistant to fire and insects, and lasts for decades with minimal upkeep if cared for properly. The faces of brick are smooth while the cores contain spaces, making brick porous but not in a way that allows moisture penetration.

Brick varies slightly in color, size, and texture, contributing to the natural aesthetics that many property owners find attractive. However, this porous characteristic also requires diligent maintenance to prevent damage over the years from elements like weather and pollution. When left unchecked, issues like cracks, spalling, and efflorescence can diminish a brick facade’s curb appeal and structural integrity. Making the effort to identify early warning signs and address problems proactively helps preserve brickwork investment.

Causes of Brick Damage

There are various common issues that can arise with brickwork if not maintained properly:

Efflorescence

Efflorescence involves a white powdery residue that surfaces on the masonry and mortar joints when moisture passes through the brick, dissolving soluble salts. It is usually caused by excess absorbed moisture but is easily removed.

Spalling

Spalling means the surface or face of the brick starts to crumble or flake off. This is often due to freezing and thawing of moisture that has penetrated cracks or pores in the brick over time.

Cracking

Cracking is inevitable with age but could indicate structural concerns if severe or spreading. Both spalling and cracking leave the underlying brick unprotected if not addressed promptly.

While natural causes like weather play a role, pollution from auto and factory emissions can also negatively impact brick over the long run. Acid rain accelerates the chemical breakdown of brick surfaces and mortar. Misconceptions about the durability of brick can also lead some to neglect routine cleaning and maintenance, hastening deterioration. Regular inspection helps avoid this.

What is Acid Washing?

Acid washing is an effective method for deep-cleaning brick to remove stubborn stains and restore its pristine condition. It involves applying a weak acid solution, usually 10 parts water to 1 part muriatic acid. Muriatic acid or hydrochloric acid is recommended for masonry cleaning as it safely dissolves mineral deposits, mortar smears, and other buildup that regular soap and water cannot break down.

The diluted acid is applied with a brush and allowed to dwell briefly before thoroughly rinsing off with a garden hose or pressure washer. This process dissolves years of dirt and residue by reacting with and neutralizing alkaline minerals deposited on the surface. After several rinses, the area should be completely clean with no lasting acid damage if done properly.

What is the Right Time for Acid Washing?

Acid washing may be necessary in scenarios such as:

• Heavy accumulation of stubborn stains, particulates, or mineral deposits that resist basic soap and water cleaning methods.
• Unsatisfactory results after multiple attempts with non-acidic masonry cleaners.
• Prior to applying a waterproofing brick sealer or restorative coating to ensure proper surface preparation.

However, it is crucial not to over-apply acid washes, as too frequent use can eventually etch away some of the protective glazed surface on fired brick. It should also be avoided if there are visible cracks or defects in the brick, as acid penetration could worsen structural issues.

Hiring a Professional for Brickwork Acid Wash

While DIY attempts can work in some cases, professional masonry contractor have advantages. They have extensive experience prepping, applying, and rinsing acid solutions, minimizing safety risks. Professionals also use commercial strength acids and equipment for faster, deeper cleaning and are skilled in disposal of corrosive rinse water according to EPA guidelines.

The Acid Washing Process

Here are the typical steps professionals follow to safely acid wash brickwork:

• Cover surrounding landscape, windows, and other surfaces with tarps or drop cloths for protection from splashes.
• Saturate the brick surface with clean water from a pressure washer or hose to prevent the acid from being absorbed too deeply.
• Mix acid solution of 1-part muriatic acid to 10 parts water in a bucket according to surface area to be cleaned.
• Apply solution generously using a medium psi pressure washer, acid brush, or pump sprayer. Allow to dwell for 5-10 minutes.
• Scrub stubborn spots with an acid brush and rinse thoroughly until water runs clear. Repeat if needed.
• Rinse the entire surface fully 2-3 times with clean water at pressure over 2000 psi.
• Inspect for any remaining acid residues and rinse again if needed before removing tarps.

Professional Help vs DIY

For some low-risk cleaning jobs, a DIY approach may seem appealing to save costs. However, there are also advantages to leaving acid washing in professional hands:

• Safety is the number one concern with acids and pressure equipment. Even with protective gear, DIY risks exposure due to inexperience.
• Professionals achieve better results with agitation and high-pressure rinsing, using commercial tools unavailable to homeowners.
• Liability issues arise if property damage or health issues occur from improper handling, storage, or disposal of hazardous chemicals at home.
• Time – pros complete jobs more efficiently without multiple tries.

In some mild cases, DIY could work if following guidelines carefully, but it may be wiser to leave large or complex jobs to the experts in brick cleaning.

Preventive Measures

To maximize brickwork investment, focusing on prevention of damage is wise. Some beneficial habits include:

• Clear plant debris and dirt away to allow airflow and avoid moisture saturation against surfaces.
• Check caulking and repaint every 5 years to maintain weatherproof seals around openings.
• Inspect mortar yearly for cracks or voids and repoint promptly before water intrusion causes spalling.
• Wash down exterior walls semi-annually with a mild detergent or commercial masonry cleaner to remove airborne sediments.
• Consider adding transparent sealants every 3-5 years to repel water in acid rain regions or near pollution sources.

Final Thoughts

Acid washing is an effective deep cleaning method that restores brickwork to prime condition when needed. However, the decision to use acids requires identifying clear signs it is necessary, taking all safety precautions, and knowing when regular or gentler alternatives still apply. With annual inspection, prompt response to issues, and regular basic cleaning, brick investments retain curb appeal and structural integrity for decades with minimal intervention. Implementing consistent preventive maintenance is important for brickwork longevity.