Tracing Moistures Path – How Water Sneaks Into Homes?

Home’s Structure and Water Resistance

Masonry buildings, constructed primarily from materials like concrete blocks, bricks, and stones, necessitate a unique approach to moisture protection, distinct from that of wood-framed structures. These porous masonry materials are naturally inclined to absorb water, making proper sealing essential to prevent water saturation behind the walls. Over time, the mortar joints that connect these masonry units can deteriorate, weakening the building’s water-resistant barrier.

Special attention is required at the junctions where different masonry materials converge, such as the interface between foundation walls and floor slabs. These areas are particularly susceptible to moisture penetration and should be thoroughly sealed during construction.

Regular inspections of these transitional areas are crucial to identify and address any cracks that could facilitate moisture ingress. Furthermore, parapets, which are commonly found on roofs, can accumulate standing water and should be regularly monitored to ensure they are not compromising the building’s water resistance.

Sources of Moisture in Masonry Homes

Natural Sources

Masonry structures are particularly susceptible to moisture issues from nature due to their porous composition. Heavy rain or snow-melt saturates unprotected wall surfaces if not redirected quickly by functioning roof drainage systems. The weight of accumulating water can also stress or crack aging mortar joints over decades. Seasonal humidity fluctuations cause condensation indoors too as moisture in the air condenses on cooler stone and block surfaces. All of these natural factors require ongoing mitigation strategies.

Man-made Sources

Even man-made systems jeopardize masonry envelopes if not properly installed and maintained.

• Plumbing leaks: Corroding pipes saturate the interior of concrete block walls, and water stains may indicate an interior investigation is needed.
• HVAC systems: Improper air conditioner condensate line installation introduces excess moisture indoors.
• Poor surface drainage: Perimeter drainage that fails to direct rainfall away from the foundation causes prolonged contact with below-grade walls, wicking moisture through small cracks.

All of these interior and exterior sources supply water that penetrates masonry porous materials if not rapidly shed. Mortar joint erosion and structural deterioration then manifest, requiring expensive remediation. Regular system checks prevent saturation issues before damages arise.

Entryways of Moisture into Homes

Chimney Leaks

Chimneys provide an opening for moisture to penetrate from flashing failures or cracks in the masonry structure itself. Flashing installed between the chimney and roof is meant to direct water out and away but frequently deteriorates over time from heat exposure. Missing sealant allows water to seep into wall cavities or attics during heavy rain. Regular inspection and repointing of mortar ensure chimney structures remain intact.

Window and Door Leaks

Windows and doors double as entry points for moisture if not installed correctly. Faulty weather stripping permits rain to be driven into cracks around frames during strong winds. Over time, wood components like sills collect debris and lack proper sealing at mortar joints. Check caulking integrity and reapply as needed to maintain an impenetrable barrier.

Cracks in Brick or Stone Walls

The brick and stone in older buildings serve an aesthetic purpose but can crack under pressure. Minor fractures allow water intrusion but may worsen when left unaddressed. Settlement stresses mortar bonding to failure, and temperature fluctuations contribute annual widening. All fractures require patching to restore the weather-resistant shell.

Leaking Parapet Walls

Parapets at roof edges are hidden collection points for moisture. Debris and plant growth can prevent timely drainage, causing water pooling. Repoint cracks and ensure downspouts direct water away from foundations. Regularly clear parapet surfaces of organic matter to eliminate lingering puddles.

Foundation Leaks

No addition should alter historical drainage patterns. Soil in constant contact with concrete or block weeps moisture inward. Cracks at the juncture between foundation walls and floor slabs often form, allowing capillary action. Installing French drains intercepts infiltrating water before it damages structural elements.

Plumbing Leaks

Behind finished walls, plumbing leaks go unnoticed as they cause hidden damage. Check under sinks and behind washing machines for corroding lines. Hissing sounds or damp areas signal the need for a meticulous inspection to pinpoint and repair compromised plumbing.

The Damaging Effects of Moisture

Masonry is durable, but it is not immune to moisture-related issues over time. Initially, these problems might not be evident, but if left unaddressed, they can lead to significant repair costs.

• Structural Integrity at Risk: Moisture saturation weakens concrete and blocks, reducing compressive strength, especially near plumbing lines or foundations where rot can develop.
• Indicators of Moisture Problems: Surface efflorescence stains indicate moisture moving within walls, leading to indoor mold spore deposition.
• Aesthetic and Structural Compromises: Porous split-face blocks visibly absorb water, detracting from the building’s aesthetic appeal and staining tile grout.
• Mortar Joint Deterioration and Cracking: Freeze-thaw cycles exacerbate mortar joint deterioration, necessitating tuck-pointing to address expanding water access points.
• Wood Framing Damage: Wood framing within bearing masonry walls is particularly susceptible to moisture damage, often requiring complete replacement.

Prompt professional evaluation of any signs of wetness is crucial. Addressing these issues early helps preserve the structure and indoor air quality, avoiding costly repairs in the future.

Preventing Moisture Infiltration

With masonry, catching issues early means sealing entry points before damage manifests inside.

• Review roofs and parapets every 5-10 years to keep up with gradual failures.
• Foundation professionals evaluate cracks and install drainage solutions as needed.
• Ensure landscaping slopes direct water away from grade-level walls; check grading after gardening changes.
• Monitor visible mortar joints annually and re-point sections as needed.
• Apply breathable sealants at brick-flashing intersections to redirect moisture outward.
• Consider drainage planes and coating systems over bare blocks to repel incidental water. Periodic re-coats maintain protections.

Condensation mitigation through proper ventilation and dehumidification likewise shelters interior materials from chronic dampness.

If you are noticing any signs of water intrusion in your building, it’s time to call your local masonry company to find out what is causing it and to discuss a repair solution before it’s too late.

Call for Professional Masonry Services in Fredericton

For over 15 years, Atlantic Brick and Stone has been the trusted name in masonry repair for residential and commercial constructions in Fredericton. Our team is experienced in addressing all types of moisture complications that can arise in brick, stone, and concrete constructions.

Atlantic Brick and Stone believes in getting to the root cause of issues, not just treating symptoms. We involve structural engineers on every project to conduct comprehensive evaluations. This ensures any infiltration sources are identified and the appropriate repair strategy is developed.

Our Specialty Masonry Services

• Chimney Repair and Rebuild: Expert restoration and reconstruction of chimneys, ensuring structural integrity and safety.
• Concrete Repair: Comprehensive repair services for concrete structures, addressing cracks, wear, and other damage to restore strength and appearance.
• Foundation Waterproofing: Advanced waterproofing solutions for foundations, protecting against water damage and ensuring the longevity of the structure.

Conclusion

Paying moisture issues in masonry buildings proper attention now spares future costs and problems down the road. Catching signs early allows less invasive repairs. With regular maintenance inspections catching gradual failures, moisture will continue shedding outward as intended. Taking proactive steps outlined helps manage sources and preserve your architecture’s longevity for generations to come.