Winterizing Masonry Structure in Fredericton
Winterizing Masonry Structure in Fredericton The first hard freeze rarely gives much warning. One day the patio looks fine; the next, a hairline crack is wider. Water has been slipping into tiny gaps in brick, stone, and concrete and pushing them apart. Without winterizing masonry before this happens, quiet damage can turn into a major repair bill by spring. Masonry feels solid and permanent, yet it is full of tiny pores. When water seeps in and freezes, it expands and forces those pores open even more. Each freeze–thaw cycle widens cracks, weakens mortar, and makes surfaces more likely to flake and crumble. Skipping pre-winter maintenance often means paying far more for major repairs once the snow melts. At Atlantic Brick and Stone, we see the results of harsh New Brunswick winters every year. With more than fifteen years of hands-on experience, we help property owners protect and repair brick, stone, and concrete before cold weather takes over. This guide shares practical tips on winterizing masonry structures, from simple checks a homeowner can handle to expert work that needs a mason, so you know what to look for, what to fix now, and when to call our team. Winter’s impact on masonry structures When we talk with homeowners about winter damage, the freeze–thaw cycle is always at the center. Masonry has countless tiny openings that water can enter. Once temperatures drop below freezing, that water turns to ice, expands by about nine percent, and presses outward from inside the brick, stone, or concrete. This does not happen just once a season. In much of New Brunswick and the northern United States, temperatures move above and below freezing many times. With each swing, more water seeps in, freezes, and expands. Over time this leads to flaking surfaces on brick or stone, known as spalling, wider cracks, and mortar joints that crumble. Ignored long enough, steps and walkways can even shift. De-icing chemicals add stress. Traditional rock salt is especially hard on masonry. It can react with concrete and mortar, speed up surface breakdown, and leave stains on brick and stone. When salt-soaked water penetrates the surface and then freezes, it can cause deeper damage than plain water alone. Poor drainage makes everything worse. If water pools near foundations, retaining walls, or the base of steps, the masonry stays saturated for long periods. A soaked wall holds far more water that can freeze from the inside. We often see this on patios, driveways, and walks where grading is poor or downspouts discharge too close to masonry. Some elements take most of the abuse: exterior steps, paver patios, driveways, retaining walls, chimneys, and exposed facades. At Atlantic Brick and Stone, we regularly repair broken step corners, leaning walls, and chimney crowns split wide open after only a few harsh winters. In nearly every case, small cracks were present years earlier and could have been handled quickly with a simple repair. How to conduct pre winter masonry inspection The best time to protect masonry is before the first deep freeze, when temperatures are cool but not bitter. Pick a dry, bright day in late fall and walk your property slowly. The goal is to spot anything that lets water in or suggests movement or settling. As you walk, focus on these areas: Paver patios and driveways: Look for pavers that rock underfoot, dips that hold water, or spots where sand has washed from the joints. Pay attention to any cracked, chipped, or heaved areas, especially where a car or heavy grill has created ruts or low spots. Walkways and steps: Check for cracks running across a slab or along its edge. Crumbling corners, flaked surfaces, and uneven treads are signs of stress inside the concrete or stone. Retaining walls: Stand back and look for leaning or bulging, which may show that soil pressure or water buildup is pushing behind the wall. Then check individual blocks or stones for opened mortar or shifted units. Horizontal cracks are a serious warning. House facades, chimneys, and garden walls: Look for missing mortar, stair-step cracks, dark stains that suggest moisture, and white powder known as efflorescence. Whenever you see long cracks, loose bricks, or a chimney crown that is already broken, it is time to bring in a mason. During an Atlantic Brick and Stone inspection we look beyond surface issues and often find hidden weaknesses. Caught early, these problems usually stay small and far less expensive. Essential Repairs Before the First Freeze Once weak spots are found, repairs should come before winter takes hold. Even hairline cracks that seem harmless can grow fast once water freezes inside them. Every small gap is a doorway for moisture. Common pre-winter masonry repairs include: Concrete crack repair: Cracks should be cleaned and filled with a high-quality crack sealant to form a flexible, watertight joint. Repointing brick and stone: Damaged mortar is removed and replaced with fresh mortar to restore strength and block water. Restoring paver joints: Old joint sand is removed and replaced with polymeric sand, which hardens and locks pavers together. Chimney and foundation repairs: Cracked crowns, flashing gaps, and foundation cracks must be sealed before freeze–thaw cycles worsen them. Historic masonry care: Older masonry requires softer, matching mortars to protect original materials. Across all masonry repair types, we use quality materials and proven methods backed with warranties. Professional sealing and waterproofing strategies Sealing is one of the most effective ways to protect masonry from winter moisture. For most exterior brick, stone, and concrete, a penetrating sealer is the best choice. These products soak in and create a water-repellent barrier inside the material. Film-forming sealers, which leave a visible layer, can peel or trap water beneath them, causing more harm than good on exterior surfaces. Surfaces that benefit most from sealing include patios, driveways, walkways, steps, stone veneer, and retaining walls. In freeze–thaw climates, resealing every two to three years is recommended. Surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned and fully dry before sealing. Weather conditions matter. The best results come









